Diabetes

Diabetes 

Diabetes is also known as sugar disease. It is the disorder in which either the pancreas cannot secrete insulin at all or body cannot use the secreted insulin. The pancreas may still secrete insulin for all the ells of the body, but some cells may not respond to it. Again glucose can’t enter into the cells and energy is not produced to satisfy the body’s needs. Consequently, it causes extremely high concentration of sugar in the blood. This condition is called diabetes. Depending on the nature, diabetes can be grouped into two types: i.e. Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes insipidus
In diabetes insipidus, there is insufficient production of pituitary hormone (vasopressin), that controls the function of kidneys. In this condition, a rare metabolic disorder appears in the patient’s body and the water passed by blood vessels to kidneys is not absorbed properly by them. As a result, the patient with diabetes insipidus produces large quantities of dilute urine and he is constantly thirsty. This type of diabetes is observed because of diseases like encephalitis, meningitis, syphilis or injury in brain especially at pituitary gland. Patient of this disease feels raging thirst, increased appetite and weakness. This disease can be treated with the intake of vasopressin injection.

Dysentery

Dysentery is a disease caused by virus and bacteria. It is also transmitted with dirty behaviour. Mucus and blood is seen in the stool of a person suffered from this disease. Dysentery is of two types: Amoebic and Bacillary. Both types of dysentery are transmitted through faeco-oral route.

Amoebic Dysentery:
It is caused by Entamoeba Histolytica.

Symptoms of Amoebic Dysentery:

• Abdominal pain may be felt.
• Frequent desire to fecal discharge.
• White mucus is seen in stool.
• Patient becomes very weak.

Bacillary Dysentery:
Bacillary Dysentery is caused by Shigella Shiga and Salmonella. It is also called Ragatmasi in Nepali.


Symptoms of Bacillary Dysentery:

• Abdominal pain.
• Frequent passing stool.
• Mucus with blood is seen.
• Frequent thirst and drying lip due to loss of liquid substance.
• Fever.

Diarrhea

Occurrence of watery stool more than 3-4 times in a day is called diarrhea. Though people of every ages may be suffered from it, it mainly suffers children. It is not caused by single agent. Various agents bacteria like Gartner Bacillus, E. coli etc. can cause it.They enter into our stomach through faeco-oral route with dirty water, fly infested food and hand.

Symptoms of Diarrhea
When we suffer from this disease following symptoms can be seen.

• Abdominal pain and watery stool more than 3-4 times per day.
• Dehydration due to loss of water from body.

Following symptoms of a dehydration in diarrhea can be seen:

• Dryness in mouth and frequent thirst.
• Sunken eyes.
• Wrinkled skin.
• Muscles of hand and leg become very weak and start to cramp.
• Sunken head in neo-natal baby.